cef39cff-2c4b-4517-ab36-5b3bd1b98b0c20260404093243Ubiquity Presstech@ubiquitypress.comRUA Metadata Exporter2002-4606HåkanRydvingUniversity of Bergenhttps://ror.org/03zga2b32Department of Archaeology, History, Cultural Studies and Religionhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-8183-0609KonstaKaikkonenWestern Norway University of Applied Scienceshttps://ror.org/05phns765Department of Pedagogy, Religion, and Social Studieshttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-8650-6317Source Criticism and ComparisonsAt a seminar at the University of Bergen, Norway, in September 2018, scholars from Denmark, Finland, Norway, and Sweden presented and discussed various forms of source criticism and comparison with examples from the Arctic and Sub-Arctic regions of Eurasia and North America. A selection of the papers read at the seminar are published in this volume.Each of the chapters in the first part compares local phenomena from two or more cultural contexts: a Swedish, a Karelian, an Estonian and an Irish place name that include words for hostage (Stefan Olsson), Old Icelandic and Sami ancestor mountains (Eldar Heide), and Finno-Karelian bear incantations and Ob-Ugrian bear songs (Vesa Matteo Piludu).The second part gives examples of different forms of source criticism in the analysis of indigenous Sami religion. The functions of a newly found ritual drum is discussed in relation to contemporary written sources (Dikka Storm & Trude Fonneland), the court proceedings from a witchcraft trial in 1692 is discussed with the help of Gérard Genette’s category ‘voice’ (Liv Helene Willumsen), and a content analysis of an introduction to indigenous Sami religion shows that the editor added text of his own to the original manuscript (Konsta Kaikkonen).In the third part, the area is widened to other parts of the Arctic. Here, a selection of theoretical perspectives is used to illuminate local empirical material. They give examples of how Native North American bear rituals and sweat bath traditions can be analysed with the help of an ecology of religion model and ritual theories, respectively (Riku Hämäläinen), of how Soviet researchers used the concepts of ‘spirits’ and ‘gods’ when they analysed the world view of the Nganasan (Olle Sundström), and of how representatives of academia have been instrumental in the ‘finding, claiming, and authorizing’ of Sakha religions (Liudmila Nikanorova).Although the papers only deal with a few of the peoples living in the Arctic and Sub-Arctic regions, the examples of source critical and comparative problems they discuss are of great general relevance.The indigenous religious traditions of the peoples of the Arctic and Sub-Arctic areas were and are very diverse. Despite their diversity, these traditions have often been presented as similar. In resent research, however, variations and local characteristics have gained increasing attention. The emphasis in this volume is exactly on differences and on nuances. Therefore, critical analyses of earlier research, different forms of source criticism, and comparative methods that look for more than just similarities are all applied as essential analytical tools.Some of the chapters focus on aspects of the traditional cultures of these northern peoples, others are critical readings of research about them. The themes of the chapters that deal with traditional practices and narratives vary from hostage traditions to ancestor mountains, from bear rituals and sweat baths to the ritual drum. The research historical chapters discuss source critical and terminological problems, or consider the contributions of scholars in the emergence of what eventually become identified as religions.03292022978-91-7635-183-3978-91-7635-180-2978-91-7635-181-9978-91-7635-182-6Stockholm University PressStockholmhttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/10.16993/bbuhttps://www.stockholmuniversitypress.se/books/e/10.16993/bbuhttps://www.stockholmuniversitypress.se/books/85/files/3d33e353-9731-4845-95d7-d59f8b2a2a75.pdfhttps://www.stockholmuniversitypress.se/books/85/files/3d33e353-9731-4845-95d7-d59f8b2a2a75.pdfHåkanRydvingUniversity of Bergenhttps://ror.org/03zga2b32Department of Archaeology, History, Cultural Studies, and Religionhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-8183-06090329202210.16993/bbu.ahttps://www.stockholmuniversitypress.se/chapters/e/10.16993/bbu.ahttps://www.stockholmuniversitypress.se/books/85/files/6f5f9d28-e51c-4c92-b00a-e646595a0aac.pdfStefanOlssonSkövde University of Applied Scienceshttps://ror.org/051mrsz47School of Informaticshttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-2640-39700329202210.16993/bbu.bhttps://www.stockholmuniversitypress.se/chapters/e/10.16993/bbu.bhttps://www.stockholmuniversitypress.se/books/85/files/b13153c8-f5c6-4334-9286-ad40d9773507.pdfEldarHeideWestern Norway University of Applied Scienceshttps://ror.org/05phns765Department of Language, Literature, Mathematics, and Interpreting0329202210.16993/bbu.chttps://www.stockholmuniversitypress.se/chapters/e/10.16993/bbu.chttps://www.stockholmuniversitypress.se/books/85/files/21d176e8-8da6-4a63-a85f-47736dd38fe2.pdfVesa MatteoPiluduUniversity of Helsinkihttps://ror.org/040af2s02Study of Religions (Faculty of Theology and Department of Cultures, Faculty of Arts) / Indigenous Studies (Department of Finnish, Finno-Ugrian and Scandinavian Studies, Faculty of Arts) / Helsinki Institute of Sustainability Science0329202210.16993/bbu.dhttps://www.stockholmuniversitypress.se/chapters/e/10.16993/bbu.dhttps://www.stockholmuniversitypress.se/books/85/files/3932d27d-5286-4cd9-9188-d5b2f26283cc.pdfDikkaStormUiT – The Arctic University of Norwayhttps://ror.org/00wge5k78The Arctic University Museum of NorwayTrudeFonnelandUiT – The Arctic University of Norwayhttps://ror.org/00wge5k78The Arctic University Museum of Norway0329202210.16993/bbu.ehttps://www.stockholmuniversitypress.se/chapters/e/10.16993/bbu.ehttps://www.stockholmuniversitypress.se/books/85/files/000b6544-5e19-49fa-8a56-44c5c806a461.pdfLiv HeleneWillumsenUiT – The Arctic University of Norwayhttps://ror.org/00wge5k78Department of Archaeology, History, the Study of Religions, and Theology0329202210.16993/bbu.fhttps://www.stockholmuniversitypress.se/chapters/e/10.16993/bbu.fhttps://www.stockholmuniversitypress.se/books/85/files/51cfaee2-6ca2-4696-b97e-452c4c1ec0cd.pdfKonstaKaikkonenWestern Norway University of Applied Scienceshttps://ror.org/05phns765Department of Pedagogy, Religion, and Social Studieshttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-8650-63170329202210.16993/bbu.ghttps://www.stockholmuniversitypress.se/chapters/e/10.16993/bbu.ghttps://www.stockholmuniversitypress.se/books/85/files/339c4b6a-2144-4653-9fc6-d9c7bf15af97.pdfRikuHämäläinenUniversity of Helsinkihttps://ror.org/040af2s02Department of Cultureshttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-1791-70720329202210.16993/bbu.hhttps://www.stockholmuniversitypress.se/chapters/e/10.16993/bbu.hhttps://www.stockholmuniversitypress.se/books/85/files/cac3e474-e1c6-4890-8033-274f7630d332.pdfOlleSundströmUmeå Universityhttps://ror.org/05kb8h459Department of Historical, Philosophical and Religious Studieshttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-6342-94080329202210.16993/bbu.ihttps://www.stockholmuniversitypress.se/chapters/e/10.16993/bbu.ihttps://www.stockholmuniversitypress.se/books/85/files/05b01e24-4c0c-4f70-8884-21d6ee654a04.pdfLiudmilaNikanorovaUniversity of Bergenhttps://ror.org/03zga2b32Department of Archaeology, History, Cultural Studies, and Religionhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-9873-85370329202210.16993/bbu.jhttps://www.stockholmuniversitypress.se/chapters/e/10.16993/bbu.jhttps://www.stockholmuniversitypress.se/books/85/files/734452a1-89bf-49e8-8cb7-9eca095d9df0.pdf